Copper, nickel, lead, zinc and precious metals the final smelting process and are based on the electrolytic refining or electrowinning recovery. In this process, in addition to controlling the electrochemical conditions, there is also an electrolyte corrosion of equipment, the use of state-of-the-art acid electrolysis plant material has entered the high-tech fields. Such as ethylene resin can combine to form a polymer concrete and the acid aggregate (quartz sand), it can be used as Acid loading container surface lining. The electrolyzer of North and South America in this regard has been recently widely used in polymer concrete, while the electrolyte storage tank with ethylene resin instead of epoxy resin, polypropylene, and other materials. Asia, Africa, Europe and many refineries are relatively backward electrolysis plant in China should quickly catch up with them in the adoption of this new material. Many factories in foreign countries, the leaders see this trough, admired so much, but the import of this trough, the price is too high, prohibitive. The author is studying how to use domestic materials manufacturing factories in China to reduce costs, I believe that this state-of-the-art materials and equipment will soon be widely used in China.
    Vinyl is not only resistant to corrosion, and mechanical properties, especially good. The structure of the cell from modular assembly transition to a whole mold casting. The integral polymer concrete electrolyzer patented in the international anti-corrosion technology, Inc. (CTI), the company as a subsidiary of Global Industrial Technologies, Inc., Plant located in the United States of Venus. Australia, Belgium, Chile, Mexico, South Korea has a manufacturing plant. Overall electrolyzer, together with the overflow tank, electrolyte tube inlet tube, quick and electrolyte separation system to form a whole.
    Old electrolyzer and sump with wood, steel or concrete for the tank body lined with lead sheet, asphalt, rubber or plastic in the history of the world for resistance to chemical corrosion, mechanical shock, played a very good role, but today outdated, the stead polymer concrete, its corrosion resistance, mechanical shock, better performance, the workshop can greatly reduce the maintenance workload, improve electrolysis efficiency and productivity.
    In addition, older Lined electrolyzer corrosion replaced processing is a vexing problem. I see some electrolysis plant, the plant area heap a lot of this waste electrolyzer, the new polymer concrete cell life long, even if the end-of-life is relatively easy to deal with, to reduce the cost of treatment.
    Now we all recognize, the electrolysis plant modernization, should adopt a new quantitative anode casting units, the anode preparation unit, mist suppression system, automatic cranes and permanent stainless steel cathode, but the new electrolyzer and the equipment, improve product yield, improve product quality, reduce costs play an equally important role. Will also play an important role in the future to improve the competitiveness of the plant.
    1 Introduction
    Non-ferrous metal electrolytic refining process, the electrolyte as a media metal ions passed up to the cathode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte forming a low-pressure circuit and the continuous cycle, the electrolyte circulation route is through the electrolytic cell, the sump, the high groove and the other solution processing apparatus. In the normal production process, the electrolyte must be strictly controlled composition and the circulating speed in order to obtain maximum productivity and product quality, minimal maintenance costs and environmental costs. You must protect the device against chemical corrosion and mechanical damage. Chemical corrosion and mechanical damage caused by the leakage of the solution resulting in the issue of environmental protection and economic losses.
    Traditional electrolytic cell and the electrolyte container consists of two parts, one from the wood or steel, concrete constituting the tank body skeleton, one is constituted by a lead sheet, asphalt, plastic or rubber lined. This electrolytic cell structure is usually prone to electrolyte leakage, it takes a very high capital maintenance and repair, this leakage is not only caused by increased costs, but also result in a poor environment.
    The polymer concrete electrolyzer mixing of materials cast into a whole, therefore, the problem of the connection and the sealing member does not mix the CTI the overall polymer concrete electrolyzer - Acronym the U nicell, it is a completely corrosion resistant monolithic material, but the strength is higher than a conventional electrolytic cell. Due to these advantages, the polymer concrete electrolytic cell in the electrolytic plant worldwide attention.
    2 Polymer concrete strength
    Polymer concrete with corrosion-resistant vinyl and aggregate dubbed. CTI polymer concrete products is the application of the company's patented improved vinyl, this material is not only resistant to corrosion particularly good, but also to improve the strength and thermal shock performance and ordinary concrete as follows:
    Polymer concrete for the electrolytic production of non-ferrous metal compound is inert, but also to enable Potroom largely resistant to mechanical damage, by CTI PRACTICE Because of this electrolyzer superior physical performance, coupled with FRP stiffener can protect an accident caused by the electrolytic cell Drop the bottom because of the anode plate or cathode plate pierced groove wall polymer concrete electrolyzer anode plate fell to the bottom of the electrolytic cell, substantially without causing destruction.
    Of polymer concrete electrolyzer process of development in the world
    Polymer concrete electrolytic cell in 1974 by Zambia Herman Oise Woz debut; 1984 in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States Kenny Kurt copper plant in North America for the first time come out, when the electrolyzer not the overall structure, held together by 5, a bottom of the groove, 4 groove wall. Then this polymer concrete electrolyzer material is successful. But this is still a problem by five assembly electrolyzer seams.
    For many years Potroom vinyl flooring or equipment lined against corrosion, resistance to mechanical damage is that this material has the ability to anti-corrosion of the electrolyte and therefore determines the next step of development is the application of such material Manufacturing overall electrolyzer.
    CTI 1988 Magma Copper Company, San Manuel, Arizona, developed this whole electrolyzer named Uni-CELL. This electrolyzer overflow tank, electrolyte down pipe and piping systems as part of the whole cast of the electrolyzer, it is not connected seam sealing problems, no additional set up and out of the electrolyte tube accessories, this electrolyzer is also a rapid installation of stainless steel embedded parts walkways and support bracket. The success of this electrolyzer lead to Southwire Company and other factories batch applications.
    Polymer concrete electrolytic cell has been extended to North America for a number of copper, zinc, indium, nickel and other metal electrolysis plant began its original old electrolyzer to be replaced, or the adoption of this new electrolyzer in the expansion project.
    Due to the success of the overall polymer electrolytic cell, leading to the electrolysis plant in more than 70 of the world including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Belgium, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Russia, Australia, Japan, Africa, India and South Korea Application of this electrolytic cell to each overall electrolytic cell are successfully met the requirements of the refinery, and the world more than 20 000 Polymer Concrete electrolyzer in use.
    Polymer concrete acid technology not only successfully applied to the electrolytic cell, also succeeded in used in production electrolyte sump, elevated tank, dissolving tank, sump. If this trough is too bulky, not easy to transport, it can be cast in each refinery site.
    Polymer Concrete Acid loading equipment to help solve the problem of the traditional Acid loading container due to media corrosion caused by high maintenance costs. Over the past five years, this polymer concrete as a state-of-the-art anti-corrosion materials to reduce the cost of production of non-ferrous metal industry has been widely used.
    4 polymer concrete electrolytic cell design
    International anti-corrosion technology companies polymer concrete by the modified ethylene resin and acid, dry quartz sand aggregate, although this material strength, but needs to protect contingency. Overall electrolyzer international anti-corrosion technology patented by the company's patented FRP for concrete ribs, the ribs non-conductive, this electrolytic cell structure by the ST the AAD III or ALCOR finite element analysis software to complete structural calculations, each electrolyzer resistant to the maximum calculated pressure and impact.
    Integrally molded polymer concrete electrolyzer Unicell, smooth wall, the four corners of the round, the bottom with a slope, the anode mud discharge the electrolyzer clear slot and cleaning operations is relatively easy. The modern electrolytic cell manufacturing process can make the size of the cell to do very accurate, easy to install, is conducive to automation of electrolytic job. Figure 1, Figure 2 is a photo of the electrolytic cell being installed inside the shop.
    5 polymer concrete electrolytic cell to the enterprise profits
    Each polymer concrete electrolytic cell can be obtained from the reduced maintenance costs greater profits. Higher profit margin to enable businesses to maintain a longer period of competitiveness, better product quality but also to reduce the plant footprint, improve production safety, to increase the number of plates in the electrolytic cell, increase productivity, easy to install and waste electrolysis The groove is easy to handle. An electrolysis plant changed Unicell after five years, the maintenance cost is equal to zero. As a result of this electrolyzer is relatively thin, relatively large strength, the internal dimensions of the slot remains intact, external dimensions smaller than the original, so their Potroom in now more relaxed, easy to use.
    Each electrolysis plant according to their requests, specifically for the plant design electrolyzer size, it is easy to plant operators and engineers to optimize the configuration of each workshop so that the maximum profit for the least cost.
    The Unicell with overflow tank, the electrolyte decreased tube and tube and draining systems are embedded in the the polymer concrete tank wall or bottom of the tank, plus equipment manufacturing tolerance of ± 3 mm, greatly simplifies the electrolyzer installation, arrangement and connection of external devices, reduce maintenance costs, reduce the plant area, to improve plant productivity.
Due to the Unicell a whole, there is no junction sealing problems, no electrolyte leakage, will not cause environmental pollution, which is very important, because governments attach great importance to this issue, and set strict environmental laws.
    Polymer concrete electrolytic cell surface layer of vinyl paint, it can penetrate into the depth of polymer concrete, so you can make the surface of the groove is smooth and seamless, clear Groove fast and easy, to reduce the backlog of anode mud, accelerate cash turnover.
    Polymer concrete surface with vinyl treatment, not only completely electrolyte corrosion, but does not absorb any solution, unlike the old electrolytic cell as the electrolyte soaked pollution, after this old electrolyzer retirement to replace him deal with a lot of trouble, increasing the production cost. Waste polymer concrete electrolytic cell is easy to handle, cost less.
    The Unicell strength groove wall is thin, the trough shape size is reduced, this electrolyzer in existing Potroom installation, the number of the electrolytic cell can be increased, the increase in the number of plates on each electrolytic cell can, without increasing the current density under can improve productivity.
    Traditional electrolyzer widespread problem, calcium concrete tank wall due to corrosion into the electrolyte to form CaSO4 polymer concrete is not the problem of calcium into the electrolyte.
    Traditional electrolytic cell in the service period, the shape and dimensions of the trough changes, polymer concrete electrolytic cell trough dimensions can be maintained stable in its service period, so can maintain the electrolyte solution in order to ensure uniform speed of circulation in the tank the quality of the product.
    ST AAD III or ALGOR finite element analysis made of polymer concrete cell design, such as the CT I of U nicell installation only in the four corners of each of the bottom of the cell with a round bollards support unlike traditional electrolyzer along each groove bottom side support beams, simple structure and low investment.
Polymer the concrete electrolyte separator system, seismic fortification, the top of the trough facilities, insulation and various trough and Paint design are relatively flexible, all of these features produce a high acid container thereby increasing the user's profit.
    6 other uses
    Polymer concrete has been successfully applied to the electrolyte storage tank, sump, high slot, dissolving tanks, acid recovery tank and large trough. For a bulky acid-resistant container, CTI multistage synthesis method, i.e. in the factory, CT I of large parts of the casting apparatus, these components are transported to the user's site, cast member in the field, the completion of all the manufacturing process.
    Vinyl strength, flexibility, corrosion-resistant, easy to install, it is also a highly corrosive environment electrolysis plant the best materials to shop floor.
    Vinyl for acid corrosion plant walls and pillars for paint is very successful.
    Many acid-resistant container lined with a layer of an ethylene resin to improve its corrosion resistance.
    The vinyl also successfully applied to the top of the electrolyzer facilities, such as the electrolyzer cover, insulation board, it is better than wood.
    7 future development
    The CTI and Beckett design companies and international companies boast pull is research and development in polymer concrete the electrolyzer and acid container with acid mist suppression device, so that this new type of electrolytic cell appreciation. CTI is also a big copper plant design and manufacture of this new research and development of special electrolytic cell.
    8 Conclusion
    Of modern polymer concrete electrolytic cell design and is consistent with the efforts of modern electrolysis plant, aims to reduce tankage, clear the slot of labor required to reduce the maintenance costs of the electrolyzer, reduce production costs, reduce the time of stop slot improve productivity and product quality, so that the electrolysis operation more competitive to face the challenges of the global economy.
1 lb / in2 = 6 894. 7 Pa